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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem) |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)ən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)lan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)la |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)ge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem |
| 2SG: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jet |
| 3SG: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)ʒe |
| 1PL: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)na |
| 2PL: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)da |
| 3PL: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)la |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlak | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakem, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jemən | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakən | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemən, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jemlan, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)lanem | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlaklan | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemlan, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jeməm | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəm | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeməm, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jemla, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)lam | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakla | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemla, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jemge | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakge | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemge, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əʃtem | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃte | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃtem, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)əʃkem | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃkem, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jeʃem | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃ | toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃem, toŋgəlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||