Paradigm Generator

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Paradigm Generator

Indicative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajem	om tupka
2SG:	tupkajet	ot tupka
3SG:	tupkaa	ok/ogeš tupka
1PL:	tupkajena	ona/ogə̑na tupka
2PL:	tupkajeda	oda/ogə̑da tupka
3PL:	tupkaat	ogə̑t tupka

Indicative Simple Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkašə̑m	šə̑m tupka
2SG:	tupkašə̑č́	šə̑č́ tupka
3SG:	tupkaš	ə̑š tupka
1PL:	tupkašna	ə̑šna tupka
2PL:	tupkašda	ə̑šda tupka
3PL:	tupkašt	ə̑št tupka

Indicative Simple Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajenam	tupkajen omə̑l
2SG:	tupkajenat	tupkajen otə̑l
3SG:	tupkajen	tupkajen ogə̑l
1PL:	tupkajenna	tupkajen onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:	tupkajenda	tupkajen odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:	tupkajenə̑t	tupkajen ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajem ə̑l'e	om tupka ə̑l'e
2SG:	tupkajet ə̑l'e	ot tupka ə̑l'e
3SG:	tupkaa ə̑l'e	ok/ogeš tupka ə̑l'e
1PL:	tupkajena ə̑l'e	ona/ogə̑na tupka ə̑l'e
2PL:	tupkajeda ə̑l'e	oda/ogə̑da tupka ə̑l'e
3PL:	tupkaat ə̑l'e	ogə̑t tupka ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajem ulmaš	om tupka ulmaš
2SG:	tupkajet ulmaš	ot tupka ulmaš
3SG:	tupkaa ulmaš	ok/ogeš tupka ulmaš
1PL:	tupkajena ulmaš	ona/ogə̑na tupka ulmaš
2PL:	tupkajeda ulmaš	oda/ogə̑da tupka ulmaš
3PL:	tupkaat ulmaš	ogə̑t tupka ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajenam ə̑l'e	tupkajen omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:	tupkajenat ə̑l'e	tupkajen otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:	tupkajen ə̑l'e	tupkajen ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:	tupkajenna ə̑l'e	tupkajen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:	tupkajenda ə̑l'e	tupkajen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:	tupkajen ə̑l'e	tupkajen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkajenam ulmaš	tupkajen omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:	tupkajenat ulmaš	tupkajen otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:	tupkajen ulmaš	tupkajen ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:	tupkajenna ulmaš	tupkajen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:	tupkajenda ulmaš	tupkajen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:	tupkajen ulmaš	tupkajen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	tupka	it tupka
3SG:	tupkaže	ə̑nže tupka
1PL:	(tupkajena)	(ona/ogə̑na tupka)
2PL:	tupkaza	ida tupka
3PL:	tupkašt	ə̑nə̑št tupka

Desiderative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkanem	ə̑nem tupka
2SG:	tupkanet	ə̑net tupka
3SG:	tupkaneže	ə̑než tupka
1PL:	tupkanena	ə̑nena tupka
2PL:	tupkaneda	ə̑neda tupka
3PL:	tupkanešt	ə̑nešt tupka

Desiderative Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	tupkanem ə̑l'e	ə̑nem tupka ə̑l'e
2SG:	tupkanena ə̑l'e	ə̑net tupka ə̑l'e
3SG:	tupkaneže ə̑l'e	ə̑než tupka ə̑l'e
1PL:	tupkanena ə̑l'e	ə̑nena tupka ə̑l'e
2PL:	tupkaneda ə̑l'e	ə̑neda tupka ə̑l'e
3PL:	tupkanešt ə̑l'e	ə̑nešt tupka ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	tupkanet ulmaš	ə̑net tupka ulmaš
3SG:	tupkaneže ulmaš	ə̑než tupka ulmaš
1PL:	/	/
2PL:	tupkaneda ulmaš	ə̑neda tupka ulmaš
3PL:	tupkanešt ulmaš	ə̑nešt tupka ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:	tupkaaš
Necessitive infinitive:	tupkaman
Active participle:	tupkaše
Passive participle:	tupkame
Future-necessitive participle:	tupkašaš
Negative participle:	tupkadə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:	tupkajen
Negative gerund:	tupkade
Gerund of prior action:	tupkamek(e)
Gerund of future action:	tupkameš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:	tupkašə̑la
Nominalization:	tupkamaš
Negative nominalization:	tupkadə̑maš


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Last update: 10 August 2023