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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalem | om uniβersal |
| 2SG: | uniβersalet | ot uniβersal |
| 3SG: | uniβersala | ok/ogeš uniβersal |
| 1PL: | uniβersalena | ona/ogə̑na uniβersal |
| 2PL: | uniβersaleda | oda/ogə̑da uniβersal |
| 3PL: | uniβersalat | ogə̑t uniβersal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalə̑šə̑m | šə̑m uniβersal |
| 2SG: | uniβersalə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ uniβersal |
| 3SG: | uniβersalə̑š | ə̑š uniβersal |
| 1PL: | uniβersalə̑šna | ə̑šna uniβersal |
| 2PL: | uniβersalə̑šda | ə̑šda uniβersal |
| 3PL: | uniβersalə̑št | ə̑št uniβersal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalenam | uniβersalen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | uniβersalenat | uniβersalen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | uniβersalen | uniβersalen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | uniβersalenna | uniβersalen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | uniβersalenda | uniβersalen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | uniβersalenə̑t | uniβersalen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalem ə̑l'e | om uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uniβersalet ə̑l'e | ot uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uniβersala ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uniβersalena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uniβersaleda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uniβersalat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t uniβersal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalem ulmaš | om uniβersal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | uniβersalet ulmaš | ot uniβersal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uniβersala ulmaš | ok/ogeš uniβersal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | uniβersalena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na uniβersal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | uniβersaleda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da uniβersal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uniβersalat ulmaš | ogə̑t uniβersal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalenam ə̑l'e | uniβersalen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uniβersalenat ə̑l'e | uniβersalen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uniβersalen ə̑l'e | uniβersalen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uniβersalenna ə̑l'e | uniβersalen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uniβersalenda ə̑l'e | uniβersalen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uniβersalen ə̑l'e | uniβersalen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalenam ulmaš | uniβersalen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | uniβersalenat ulmaš | uniβersalen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uniβersalen ulmaš | uniβersalen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | uniβersalenna ulmaš | uniβersalen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | uniβersalenda ulmaš | uniβersalen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uniβersalen ulmaš | uniβersalen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | uniβersal | it uniβersal |
| 3SG: | uniβersalže | ə̑nže uniβersal |
| 1PL: | (uniβersalena) | (ona/ogə̑na uniβersal) |
| 2PL: | uniβersalza | ida uniβersal |
| 3PL: | uniβersalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št uniβersal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalnem | ə̑nem uniβersal |
| 2SG: | uniβersalnet | ə̑net uniβersal |
| 3SG: | uniβersalneže | ə̑než uniβersal |
| 1PL: | uniβersalnena | ə̑nena uniβersal |
| 2PL: | uniβersalneda | ə̑neda uniβersal |
| 3PL: | uniβersalnešt | ə̑nešt uniβersal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uniβersalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uniβersalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uniβersalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uniβersalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uniβersalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda uniβersal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uniβersalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt uniβersal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | uniβersalnet ulmaš | ə̑net uniβersal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uniβersalneže ulmaš | ə̑než uniβersal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | uniβersalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda uniβersal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uniβersalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt uniβersal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | uniβersalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | uniβersalman |
| Active participle: | uniβersalše |
| Passive participle: | uniβersalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | uniβersalšaš |
| Negative participle: | uniβersaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | uniβersalen |
| Negative gerund: | uniβersalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | uniβersalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | uniβersalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | uniβersalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | uniβersalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | uniβersaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||