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Paradigm Generator
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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am) |
| Genitive: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)ən |
| Dative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)lan |
| Accusative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əm |
| Comparative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)la |
| Comitative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)ge |
| Inessive: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əʃte |
| Illative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem |
| 2SG: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jet |
| 3SG: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)ʒe |
| 1PL: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)na |
| 2PL: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)da |
| 3PL: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)la |
| Sociative Plural: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlak | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakem, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jemən | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakən | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemən, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jemlan, ustaŋaʃ (-am)lanem | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlaklan | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemlan, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jeməm | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəm | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeməm, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jemla, ustaŋaʃ (-am)lam | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakla | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemla, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jemge | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakge | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemge, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əʃtem | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃte | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃtem, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)əʃkem | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃ(ke) | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃkem, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ustaŋaʃ (-am)jeʃem | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃ | ustaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃem, ustaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakeʃ |
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