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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | buk |
| Genitive: | bukən |
| Dative: | buklan |
| Accusative: | bukəm |
| Comparative: | bukla |
| Comitative: | bukge |
| Inessive: | bukəʃto |
| Illative: | bukəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | bukeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | bukem |
| 2SG: | buket |
| 3SG: | bukʃo |
| 1PL: | bukna |
| 2PL: | bukda |
| 3PL: | bukəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | buk-βlak |
| Plural (2): | buk-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | bukla |
| Sociative Plural: | bukmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | bukem | buk-βlak | buk-βlakem, bukem-βlak |
| Genitive: | bukemən | buk-βlakən | buk-βlakemən, bukem-βlakən |
| Dative: | bukemlan, buklanem | buk-βlaklan | buk-βlakemlan, bukem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | bukeməm | buk-βlakəm | buk-βlakeməm, bukem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | bukemla, buklam | buk-βlakla | buk-βlakemla, bukem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | bukemge | buk-βlakge | buk-βlakemge, bukem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | bukəʃtem | buk-βlakəʃte | buk-βlakəʃtem, bukem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | bukəʃkem | buk-βlakəʃ(ke) | buk-βlakəʃkem, bukem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | bukeʃem | buk-βlakeʃ | buk-βlakeʃem, bukem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||