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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | βišńe |
| Genitive: | βišńə̑n |
| Dative: | βišńə̑lan |
| Accusative: | βišńə̑m |
| Comparative: | βišńə̑la |
| Comitative: | βišńə̑ge |
| Inessive: | βišńə̑šte |
| Illative: | βišńə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | βišńeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | βišńem |
| 2SG: | βišńet |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | βišńə̑na |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑da |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | βišńe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | βišńe-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | βišńə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | βišńə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | βišńem | βišńe-βlak | βišńe-βlakem, βišńem-βlak |
| Genitive: | βišńemə̑n | βišńe-βlakə̑n | βišńe-βlakemə̑n, βišńem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | βišńemlan, βišńə̑lanem | βišńe-βlaklan | βišńe-βlakemlan, βišńem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | βišńemə̑m | βišńe-βlakə̑m | βišńe-βlakemə̑m, βišńem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | βišńemla, βišńə̑lam | βišńe-βlakla | βišńe-βlakemla, βišńem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | βišńemge | βišńe-βlakge | βišńe-βlakemge, βišńem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | βišńə̑štem | βišńe-βlakə̑šte | βišńe-βlakə̑štem, βišńem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | βišńə̑škem | βišńe-βlakə̑š(ke) | βišńe-βlakə̑škem, βišńem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | βišńešem | βišńe-βlakeš | βišńe-βlakešem, βišńem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||