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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | βopʃan |
Genitive: | βopʃanən |
Dative: | βopʃanlan |
Accusative: | βopʃanəm |
Comparative: | βopʃanla |
Comitative: | βopʃange |
Inessive: | βopʃanəʃte |
Illative: | βopʃanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | βopʃaneʃ |
1SG: | βopʃanem |
2SG: | βopʃanet |
3SG: | βopʃanʒe |
1PL: | βopʃanːa |
2PL: | βopʃanda |
3PL: | βopʃanəʃt |
Plural (1): | βopʃan-βlak |
Plural (2): | βopʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | βopʃanla |
Sociative Plural: | βopʃanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | βopʃanem | βopʃan-βlak | βopʃan-βlakem, βopʃanem-βlak |
Genitive: | βopʃanemən | βopʃan-βlakən | βopʃan-βlakemən, βopʃanem-βlakən |
Dative: | βopʃanemlan, βopʃanlanem | βopʃan-βlaklan | βopʃan-βlakemlan, βopʃanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | βopʃaneməm | βopʃan-βlakəm | βopʃan-βlakeməm, βopʃanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | βopʃanemla, βopʃanlam | βopʃan-βlakla | βopʃan-βlakemla, βopʃanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | βopʃanemge | βopʃan-βlakge | βopʃan-βlakemge, βopʃanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | βopʃanəʃtem | βopʃan-βlakəʃte | βopʃan-βlakəʃtem, βopʃanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | βopʃanəʃkem | βopʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | βopʃan-βlakəʃkem, βopʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | βopʃaneʃem | βopʃan-βlakeʃ | βopʃan-βlakeʃem, βopʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |