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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | graždanin |
| Genitive: | graždaninə̑n |
| Dative: | graždaninlan |
| Accusative: | graždaninə̑m |
| Comparative: | graždaninla |
| Comitative: | graždaninge |
| Inessive: | graždaninə̑šte |
| Illative: | graždaninə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | graždanineš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | graždaninem |
| 2SG: | graždaninet |
| 3SG: | graždaninže |
| 1PL: | graždaninna |
| 2PL: | graždaninda |
| 3PL: | graždaninə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | graždanin-βlak |
| Plural (2): | graždanin-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | graždaninla |
| Sociative Plural: | graždaninmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | graždaninem | graždanin-βlak | graždanin-βlakem, graždaninem-βlak |
| Genitive: | graždaninemə̑n | graždanin-βlakə̑n | graždanin-βlakemə̑n, graždaninem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | graždaninemlan, graždaninlanem | graždanin-βlaklan | graždanin-βlakemlan, graždaninem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | graždaninemə̑m | graždanin-βlakə̑m | graždanin-βlakemə̑m, graždaninem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | graždaninemla, graždaninlam | graždanin-βlakla | graždanin-βlakemla, graždaninem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | graždaninemge | graždanin-βlakge | graždanin-βlakemge, graždaninem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | graždaninə̑štem | graždanin-βlakə̑šte | graždanin-βlakə̑štem, graždaninem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | graždaninə̑škem | graždanin-βlakə̑š(ke) | graždanin-βlakə̑škem, graždaninem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | graždaninešem | graždanin-βlakeš | graždanin-βlakešem, graždaninem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||