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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | gül |
| Genitive: | gülə̑n |
| Dative: | güllan |
| Accusative: | gülə̑m |
| Comparative: | gülla |
| Comitative: | gülge |
| Inessive: | gülə̑štö |
| Illative: | gülə̑š(kö) |
| Lative: | güleš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | gülem |
| 2SG: | gület |
| 3SG: | gülžö |
| 1PL: | gülna |
| 2PL: | gülda |
| 3PL: | gülə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | gül-βlak |
| Plural (2): | gül-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | gülla |
| Sociative Plural: | gülmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | gülem | gül-βlak | gül-βlakem, gülem-βlak |
| Genitive: | gülemə̑n | gül-βlakə̑n | gül-βlakemə̑n, gülem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | gülemlan, güllanem | gül-βlaklan | gül-βlakemlan, gülem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | gülemə̑m | gül-βlakə̑m | gül-βlakemə̑m, gülem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | gülemla, güllam | gül-βlakla | gül-βlakemla, gülem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | gülemge | gül-βlakge | gül-βlakemge, gülem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | gülə̑štem | gül-βlakə̑šte | gül-βlakə̑štem, gülem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | gülə̑škem | gül-βlakə̑š(ke) | gül-βlakə̑škem, gülem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | gülešem | gül-βlakeš | gül-βlakešem, gülem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||