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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ʒiraf |
| Genitive: | ʒirafən |
| Dative: | ʒiraflan |
| Accusative: | ʒirafəm |
| Comparative: | ʒirafla |
| Comitative: | ʒirafge |
| Inessive: | ʒirafəʃte |
| Illative: | ʒirafəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʒirafeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ʒirafem |
| 2SG: | ʒirafet |
| 3SG: | ʒirafʃe |
| 1PL: | ʒirafna |
| 2PL: | ʒirafda |
| 3PL: | ʒirafəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ʒiraf-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ʒiraf-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | ʒirafla |
| Sociative Plural: | ʒirafmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ʒirafem | ʒiraf-βlak | ʒiraf-βlakem, ʒirafem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ʒirafemən | ʒiraf-βlakən | ʒiraf-βlakemən, ʒirafem-βlakən |
| Dative: | ʒirafemlan, ʒiraflanem | ʒiraf-βlaklan | ʒiraf-βlakemlan, ʒirafem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ʒirafeməm | ʒiraf-βlakəm | ʒiraf-βlakeməm, ʒirafem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | ʒirafemla, ʒiraflam | ʒiraf-βlakla | ʒiraf-βlakemla, ʒirafem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ʒirafemge | ʒiraf-βlakge | ʒiraf-βlakemge, ʒirafem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ʒirafəʃtem | ʒiraf-βlakəʃte | ʒiraf-βlakəʃtem, ʒirafem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | ʒirafəʃkem | ʒiraf-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʒiraf-βlakəʃkem, ʒirafem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | ʒirafeʃem | ʒiraf-βlakeʃ | ʒiraf-βlakeʃem, ʒirafem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||