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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | iruʃkal |
| Genitive: | iruʃkalən |
| Dative: | iruʃkalːan |
| Accusative: | iruʃkaləm |
| Comparative: | iruʃkalːa |
| Comitative: | iruʃkalge |
| Inessive: | iruʃkaləʃte |
| Illative: | iruʃkaləʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | iruʃkaleʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | iruʃkalem |
| 2SG: | iruʃkalet |
| 3SG: | iruʃkalʒe |
| 1PL: | iruʃkalna |
| 2PL: | iruʃkalda |
| 3PL: | iruʃkaləʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | iruʃkal-βlak |
| Plural (2): | iruʃkal-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | iruʃkalːa |
| Sociative Plural: | iruʃkalmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | iruʃkalem | iruʃkal-βlak | iruʃkal-βlakem, iruʃkalem-βlak |
| Genitive: | iruʃkalemən | iruʃkal-βlakən | iruʃkal-βlakemən, iruʃkalem-βlakən |
| Dative: | iruʃkalemlan, iruʃkalːanem | iruʃkal-βlaklan | iruʃkal-βlakemlan, iruʃkalem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | iruʃkaleməm | iruʃkal-βlakəm | iruʃkal-βlakeməm, iruʃkalem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | iruʃkalemla, iruʃkalːam | iruʃkal-βlakla | iruʃkal-βlakemla, iruʃkalem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | iruʃkalemge | iruʃkal-βlakge | iruʃkal-βlakemge, iruʃkalem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | iruʃkaləʃtem | iruʃkal-βlakəʃte | iruʃkal-βlakəʃtem, iruʃkalem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | iruʃkaləʃkem | iruʃkal-βlakəʃ(ke) | iruʃkal-βlakəʃkem, iruʃkalem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | iruʃkaleʃem | iruʃkal-βlakeʃ | iruʃkal-βlakeʃem, iruʃkalem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||