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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkargutko |
| Genitive: | joʃkargutkən |
| Dative: | joʃkargutkəlan |
| Accusative: | joʃkargutkəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkargutkəla |
| Comitative: | joʃkargutkəge |
| Inessive: | joʃkargutkəʃto |
| Illative: | joʃkargutkəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | joʃkargutkeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkargutkem |
| 2SG: | joʃkargutket |
| 3SG: | joʃkargutkəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | joʃkargutkəna |
| 2PL: | joʃkargutkəda |
| 3PL: | joʃkargutkəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkargutko-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkargutko-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkargutkəla |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkargutkəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkargutkem | joʃkargutko-βlak | joʃkargutko-βlakem, joʃkargutkem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkargutkemən | joʃkargutko-βlakən | joʃkargutko-βlakemən, joʃkargutkem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkargutkemlan, joʃkargutkəlanem | joʃkargutko-βlaklan | joʃkargutko-βlakemlan, joʃkargutkem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkargutkeməm | joʃkargutko-βlakəm | joʃkargutko-βlakeməm, joʃkargutkem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkargutkemla, joʃkargutkəlam | joʃkargutko-βlakla | joʃkargutko-βlakemla, joʃkargutkem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkargutkemge | joʃkargutko-βlakge | joʃkargutko-βlakemge, joʃkargutkem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkargutkəʃtem | joʃkargutko-βlakəʃte | joʃkargutko-βlakəʃtem, joʃkargutkem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkargutkəʃkem | joʃkargutko-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkargutko-βlakəʃkem, joʃkargutkem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkargutkeʃem | joʃkargutko-βlakeʃ | joʃkargutko-βlakeʃem, joʃkargutkem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||