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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joškargə̑rak |
| Genitive: | joškargə̑rakə̑n |
| Dative: | joškargə̑raklan |
| Accusative: | joškargə̑rakə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškargə̑rakla |
| Comitative: | joškargə̑rakge |
| Inessive: | joškargə̑rakə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškargə̑rakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškargə̑rakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joškargə̑rakem |
| 2SG: | joškargə̑raket |
| 3SG: | joškargə̑rakše |
| 1PL: | joškargə̑rakna |
| 2PL: | joškargə̑rakda |
| 3PL: | joškargə̑rakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joškargə̑rak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joškargə̑rak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | joškargə̑rakla |
| Sociative Plural: | joškargə̑rakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joškargə̑rakem | joškargə̑rak-βlak | joškargə̑rak-βlakem, joškargə̑rakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joškargə̑rakemə̑n | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑n | joškargə̑rak-βlakemə̑n, joškargə̑rakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | joškargə̑rakemlan, joškargə̑raklanem | joškargə̑rak-βlaklan | joškargə̑rak-βlakemlan, joškargə̑rakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joškargə̑rakemə̑m | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑m | joškargə̑rak-βlakemə̑m, joškargə̑rakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškargə̑rakemla, joškargə̑raklam | joškargə̑rak-βlakla | joškargə̑rak-βlakemla, joškargə̑rakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joškargə̑rakemge | joškargə̑rak-βlakge | joškargə̑rak-βlakemge, joškargə̑rakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joškargə̑rakə̑štem | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑šte | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑štem, joškargə̑rakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškargə̑rakə̑škem | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑š(ke) | joškargə̑rak-βlakə̑škem, joškargə̑rakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškargə̑rakešem | joškargə̑rak-βlakeš | joškargə̑rak-βlakešem, joškargə̑rakem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||