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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkaroŋ |
| Genitive: | joʃkaroŋən |
| Dative: | joʃkaroŋlan |
| Accusative: | joʃkaroŋəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkaroŋla |
| Comitative: | joʃkaroŋge |
| Inessive: | joʃkaroŋəʃto |
| Illative: | joʃkaroŋəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | joʃkaroŋeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkaroŋem |
| 2SG: | joʃkaroŋet |
| 3SG: | joʃkaroŋʒo |
| 1PL: | joʃkaroŋna |
| 2PL: | joʃkaroŋda |
| 3PL: | joʃkaroŋəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkaroŋ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkaroŋ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkaroŋla |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkaroŋmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkaroŋem | joʃkaroŋ-βlak | joʃkaroŋ-βlakem, joʃkaroŋem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkaroŋemən | joʃkaroŋ-βlakən | joʃkaroŋ-βlakemən, joʃkaroŋem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkaroŋemlan, joʃkaroŋlanem | joʃkaroŋ-βlaklan | joʃkaroŋ-βlakemlan, joʃkaroŋem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkaroŋeməm | joʃkaroŋ-βlakəm | joʃkaroŋ-βlakeməm, joʃkaroŋem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkaroŋemla, joʃkaroŋlam | joʃkaroŋ-βlakla | joʃkaroŋ-βlakemla, joʃkaroŋem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkaroŋemge | joʃkaroŋ-βlakge | joʃkaroŋ-βlakemge, joʃkaroŋem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkaroŋəʃtem | joʃkaroŋ-βlakəʃte | joʃkaroŋ-βlakəʃtem, joʃkaroŋem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkaroŋəʃkem | joʃkaroŋ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkaroŋ-βlakəʃkem, joʃkaroŋem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkaroŋeʃem | joʃkaroŋ-βlakeʃ | joʃkaroŋ-βlakeʃem, joʃkaroŋem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||