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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkarsiɲapka |
| Genitive: | joʃkarsiɲapkan |
| Dative: | joʃkarsiɲapkalan |
| Accusative: | joʃkarsiɲapkam |
| Comparative: | joʃkarsiɲapkala |
| Comitative: | joʃkarsiɲapkage |
| Inessive: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkarsiɲapkam |
| 2SG: | joʃkarsiɲapkat |
| 3SG: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | joʃkarsiɲapkana |
| 2PL: | joʃkarsiɲapkada |
| 3PL: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkarsiɲapka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkarsiɲapkala |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkarsiɲapkamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkarsiɲapkam | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlak | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakem, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkarsiɲapkamən | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakən | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakemən, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkarsiɲapkamlan, joʃkarsiɲapkalanem | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlaklan | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakemlan, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkarsiɲapkaməm | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakəm | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakeməm, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkarsiɲapkamla, joʃkarsiɲapkalam | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakla | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakemla, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkarsiɲapkamge | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakge | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakemge, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃtem | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakəʃte | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakəʃtem, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃkem | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakəʃkem, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkarsiɲapkaʃem | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakeʃ | joʃkarsiɲapka-βlakeʃem, joʃkarsiɲapkam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||