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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkartarakan |
| Genitive: | joʃkartarakanən |
| Dative: | joʃkartarakanlan |
| Accusative: | joʃkartarakanəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkartarakanla |
| Comitative: | joʃkartarakange |
| Inessive: | joʃkartarakanəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkartarakanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkartarakaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkartarakanem |
| 2SG: | joʃkartarakanet |
| 3SG: | joʃkartarakanʒe |
| 1PL: | joʃkartarakanːa |
| 2PL: | joʃkartarakanda |
| 3PL: | joʃkartarakanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkartarakan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkartarakan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkartarakanla |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkartarakanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkartarakanem | joʃkartarakan-βlak | joʃkartarakan-βlakem, joʃkartarakanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkartarakanemən | joʃkartarakan-βlakən | joʃkartarakan-βlakemən, joʃkartarakanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkartarakanemlan, joʃkartarakanlanem | joʃkartarakan-βlaklan | joʃkartarakan-βlakemlan, joʃkartarakanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkartarakaneməm | joʃkartarakan-βlakəm | joʃkartarakan-βlakeməm, joʃkartarakanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkartarakanemla, joʃkartarakanlam | joʃkartarakan-βlakla | joʃkartarakan-βlakemla, joʃkartarakanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkartarakanemge | joʃkartarakan-βlakge | joʃkartarakan-βlakemge, joʃkartarakanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkartarakanəʃtem | joʃkartarakan-βlakəʃte | joʃkartarakan-βlakəʃtem, joʃkartarakanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkartarakanəʃkem | joʃkartarakan-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkartarakan-βlakəʃkem, joʃkartarakanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkartarakaneʃem | joʃkartarakan-βlakeʃ | joʃkartarakan-βlakeʃem, joʃkartarakanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||