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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkartəmaʃ |
| Genitive: | joʃkartəmaʃən |
| Dative: | joʃkartəmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | joʃkartəmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkartəmaʃla |
| Comitative: | joʃkartəmaʃge |
| Inessive: | joʃkartəmaʃte, joʃkartəmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkartəmaʃke, joʃkartəmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkartəmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkartəmaʃem |
| 2SG: | joʃkartəmaʃet |
| 3SG: | joʃkartəmaʃːe, joʃkartəmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | joʃkartəmaʃna |
| 2PL: | joʃkartəmaʃda |
| 3PL: | joʃkartəmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkartəmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkartəmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkartəmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkartəmaʃem | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlak | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakem, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkartəmaʃemən | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakən | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakemən, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkartəmaʃemlan, joʃkartəmaʃlanem | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlaklan | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakemlan, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkartəmaʃeməm | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakəm | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakeməm, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkartəmaʃemla, joʃkartəmaʃlam | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakla | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakemla, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkartəmaʃemge | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakge | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakemge, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkartəmaʃtem, joʃkartəmaʃəʃtem | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakəʃte | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkartəmaʃkem, joʃkartəmaʃəʃkem | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkartəmaʃeʃem | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakeʃ | joʃkartəmaʃ-βlakeʃem, joʃkartəmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||