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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joškaršaške |
| Genitive: | joškaršaškə̑n |
| Dative: | joškaršaškə̑lan |
| Accusative: | joškaršaškə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškaršaškə̑la |
| Comitative: | joškaršaškə̑ge |
| Inessive: | joškaršaškə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškaršaškə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškaršaškeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joškaršaškem |
| 2SG: | joškaršašket |
| 3SG: | joškaršaškə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | joškaršaškə̑na |
| 2PL: | joškaršaškə̑da |
| 3PL: | joškaršaškə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joškaršaške-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joškaršaške-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | joškaršaškə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | joškaršaškə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joškaršaškem | joškaršaške-βlak | joškaršaške-βlakem, joškaršaškem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joškaršaškemə̑n | joškaršaške-βlakə̑n | joškaršaške-βlakemə̑n, joškaršaškem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | joškaršaškemlan, joškaršaškə̑lanem | joškaršaške-βlaklan | joškaršaške-βlakemlan, joškaršaškem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joškaršaškemə̑m | joškaršaške-βlakə̑m | joškaršaške-βlakemə̑m, joškaršaškem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškaršaškemla, joškaršaškə̑lam | joškaršaške-βlakla | joškaršaške-βlakemla, joškaršaškem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joškaršaškemge | joškaršaške-βlakge | joškaršaške-βlakemge, joškaršaškem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joškaršaškə̑štem | joškaršaške-βlakə̑šte | joškaršaške-βlakə̑štem, joškaršaškem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškaršaškə̑škem | joškaršaške-βlakə̑š(ke) | joškaršaške-βlakə̑škem, joškaršaškem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškaršaškešem | joškaršaške-βlakeš | joškaršaške-βlakešem, joškaršaškem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||