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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | joʃkareŋəʒ |
Genitive: | joʃkareŋəʒən |
Dative: | joʃkareŋəʒlan |
Accusative: | joʃkareŋəʒəm |
Comparative: | joʃkareŋəʒla |
Comitative: | joʃkareŋəʒge |
Inessive: | joʃkareŋəʒəʃte |
Illative: | joʃkareŋəʒəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | joʃkareŋəʒeʃ |
1SG: | joʃkareŋəʒem |
2SG: | joʃkareŋəʒet |
3SG: | joʃkareŋəʒʃe |
1PL: | joʃkareŋəʒna |
2PL: | joʃkareŋəʒda |
3PL: | joʃkareŋəʒəʃt |
Plural (1): | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlak |
Plural (2): | joʃkareŋəʒ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | joʃkareŋəʒla |
Sociative Plural: | joʃkareŋəʒmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | joʃkareŋəʒem | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlak | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakem, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlak |
Genitive: | joʃkareŋəʒemən | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakən | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakemən, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakən |
Dative: | joʃkareŋəʒemlan, joʃkareŋəʒlanem | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlaklan | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakemlan, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | joʃkareŋəʒeməm | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakəm | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakeməm, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | joʃkareŋəʒemla, joʃkareŋəʒlam | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakla | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakemla, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakla |
Comitative: | joʃkareŋəʒemge | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakge | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakemge, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakge |
Inessive: | joʃkareŋəʒəʃtem | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakəʃte | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakəʃtem, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | joʃkareŋəʒəʃkem | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakəʃkem, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | joʃkareŋəʒeʃem | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakeʃ | joʃkareŋəʒ-βlakeʃem, joʃkareŋəʒem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |