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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joškar-toj |
| Genitive: | joškar-tojə̑n |
| Dative: | joškar-tojlan |
| Accusative: | joškar-tojə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškar-tojla |
| Comitative: | joškar-tojge |
| Inessive: | joškar-tojə̑što |
| Illative: | joškar-tojə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | joškar-toješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joškar-tojem |
| 2SG: | joškar-tojet |
| 3SG: | joškar-tojžo |
| 1PL: | joškar-tojna |
| 2PL: | joškar-tojda |
| 3PL: | joškar-tojə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joškar-toj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joškar-toj-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | joškar-tojla |
| Sociative Plural: | joškar-tojmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joškar-tojem | joškar-toj-βlak | joškar-toj-βlakem, joškar-tojem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joškar-tojemə̑n | joškar-toj-βlakə̑n | joškar-toj-βlakemə̑n, joškar-tojem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | joškar-tojemlan, joškar-tojlanem | joškar-toj-βlaklan | joškar-toj-βlakemlan, joškar-tojem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joškar-tojemə̑m | joškar-toj-βlakə̑m | joškar-toj-βlakemə̑m, joškar-tojem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškar-tojemla, joškar-tojlam | joškar-toj-βlakla | joškar-toj-βlakemla, joškar-tojem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joškar-tojemge | joškar-toj-βlakge | joškar-toj-βlakemge, joškar-tojem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joškar-tojə̑štem | joškar-toj-βlakə̑šte | joškar-toj-βlakə̑štem, joškar-tojem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškar-tojə̑škem | joškar-toj-βlakə̑š(ke) | joškar-toj-βlakə̑škem, joškar-tojem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškar-toješem | joškar-toj-βlakeš | joškar-toj-βlakešem, joškar-tojem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||