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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge) |
| Genitive: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)ən |
| Dative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)lan |
| Accusative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əm |
| Comparative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)la |
| Comitative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)ge |
| Inessive: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem |
| 2SG: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jet |
| 3SG: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)ʒe |
| 1PL: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)na |
| 2PL: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)da |
| 3PL: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)la |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlak | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakem, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jemən | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakən | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakemən, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jemlan, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)lanem | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlaklan | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakemlan, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jeməm | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakəm | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakeməm, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jemla, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)lam | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakla | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakemla, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jemge | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakge | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakemge, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əʃtem | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakəʃte | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakəʃtem, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)əʃkem | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakəʃkem, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jeʃem | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakeʃ | joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)-βlakeʃem, joʃkarge-uʒar(ge)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||