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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joŋgaltəʃ |
| Genitive: | joŋgaltəʃən |
| Dative: | joŋgaltəʃlan |
| Accusative: | joŋgaltəʃəm |
| Comparative: | joŋgaltəʃla |
| Comitative: | joŋgaltəʃge |
| Inessive: | joŋgaltəʃte, joŋgaltəʃəʃte |
| Illative: | joŋgaltəʃke, joŋgaltəʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joŋgaltəʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joŋgaltəʃem |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltəʃet |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltəʃːe, joŋgaltəʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltəʃna |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltəʃda |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltəʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joŋgaltəʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joŋgaltəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joŋgaltəʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | joŋgaltəʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joŋgaltəʃem | joŋgaltəʃ-βlak | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakem, joŋgaltəʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joŋgaltəʃemən | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakən | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakemən, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joŋgaltəʃemlan, joŋgaltəʃlanem | joŋgaltəʃ-βlaklan | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakemlan, joŋgaltəʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joŋgaltəʃeməm | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakəm | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakeməm, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joŋgaltəʃemla, joŋgaltəʃlam | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakla | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakemla, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joŋgaltəʃemge | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakge | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakemge, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joŋgaltəʃtem, joŋgaltəʃəʃtem | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakəʃte | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakəʃtem, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joŋgaltəʃkem, joŋgaltəʃəʃkem | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakəʃkem, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joŋgaltəʃeʃem | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakeʃ | joŋgaltəʃ-βlakeʃem, joŋgaltəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||