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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joŋgemːaʃ |
| Genitive: | joŋgemːaʃən |
| Dative: | joŋgemːaʃlan |
| Accusative: | joŋgemːaʃəm |
| Comparative: | joŋgemːaʃla |
| Comitative: | joŋgemːaʃge |
| Inessive: | joŋgemːaʃte, joŋgemːaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | joŋgemːaʃke, joŋgemːaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joŋgemːaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joŋgemːaʃem |
| 2SG: | joŋgemːaʃet |
| 3SG: | joŋgemːaʃːe, joŋgemːaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | joŋgemːaʃna |
| 2PL: | joŋgemːaʃda |
| 3PL: | joŋgemːaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joŋgemːaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joŋgemːaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joŋgemːaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | joŋgemːaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joŋgemːaʃem | joŋgemːaʃ-βlak | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakem, joŋgemːaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joŋgemːaʃemən | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakən | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakemən, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joŋgemːaʃemlan, joŋgemːaʃlanem | joŋgemːaʃ-βlaklan | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakemlan, joŋgemːaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joŋgemːaʃeməm | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakəm | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakeməm, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joŋgemːaʃemla, joŋgemːaʃlam | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakla | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakemla, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joŋgemːaʃemge | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakge | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakemge, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joŋgemːaʃtem, joŋgemːaʃəʃtem | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakəʃte | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakəʃtem, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joŋgemːaʃkem, joŋgemːaʃəʃkem | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakəʃkem, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joŋgemːaʃeʃem | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakeʃ | joŋgemːaʃ-βlakeʃem, joŋgemːaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||