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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joškə̑n |
| Genitive: | joškə̑nə̑n |
| Dative: | joškə̑nlan |
| Accusative: | joškə̑nə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškə̑nla |
| Comitative: | joškə̑nge |
| Inessive: | joškə̑nə̑što |
| Illative: | joškə̑nə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | joškə̑neš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joškə̑nem |
| 2SG: | joškə̑net |
| 3SG: | joškə̑nžo |
| 1PL: | joškə̑nna |
| 2PL: | joškə̑nda |
| 3PL: | joškə̑nə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joškə̑n-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joškə̑n-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | joškə̑nla |
| Sociative Plural: | joškə̑nmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joškə̑nem | joškə̑n-βlak | joškə̑n-βlakem, joškə̑nem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joškə̑nemə̑n | joškə̑n-βlakə̑n | joškə̑n-βlakemə̑n, joškə̑nem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | joškə̑nemlan, joškə̑nlanem | joškə̑n-βlaklan | joškə̑n-βlakemlan, joškə̑nem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joškə̑nemə̑m | joškə̑n-βlakə̑m | joškə̑n-βlakemə̑m, joškə̑nem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | joškə̑nemla, joškə̑nlam | joškə̑n-βlakla | joškə̑n-βlakemla, joškə̑nem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joškə̑nemge | joškə̑n-βlakge | joškə̑n-βlakemge, joškə̑nem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joškə̑nə̑štem | joškə̑n-βlakə̑šte | joškə̑n-βlakə̑štem, joškə̑nem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | joškə̑nə̑škem | joškə̑n-βlakə̑š(ke) | joškə̑n-βlakə̑škem, joškə̑nem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | joškə̑nešem | joškə̑n-βlakeš | joškə̑n-βlakešem, joškə̑nem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||