Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:joŋgo
Genitive:joŋgə̑n
Dative:joŋgə̑lan
Accusative:joŋgə̑m
Comparative:joŋgə̑la
Comitative:joŋgə̑ge
Inessive:joŋgə̑što
Illative:joŋgə̑š(ko)
Lative:joŋgeš

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:joŋgem
2SG:joŋget
3SG:joŋgə̑ž(o)
1PL:joŋgə̑na
2PL:joŋgə̑da
3PL:joŋgə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):joŋgo-βlak
Plural (2):joŋgo-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:joŋgə̑la
Sociative Plural:joŋgə̑mə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:joŋgemjoŋgo-βlakjoŋgo-βlakem,
joŋgem-βlak
Genitive:joŋgemə̑njoŋgo-βlakə̑njoŋgo-βlakemə̑n,
joŋgem-βlakə̑n
Dative:joŋgemlan,
joŋgə̑lanem
joŋgo-βlaklanjoŋgo-βlakemlan,
joŋgem-βlaklan
Accusative:joŋgemə̑mjoŋgo-βlakə̑mjoŋgo-βlakemə̑m,
joŋgem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:joŋgemla,
joŋgə̑lam
joŋgo-βlaklajoŋgo-βlakemla,
joŋgem-βlakla
Comitative:joŋgemgejoŋgo-βlakgejoŋgo-βlakemge,
joŋgem-βlakge
Inessive:joŋgə̑štemjoŋgo-βlakə̑štejoŋgo-βlakə̑štem,
joŋgem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:joŋgə̑škemjoŋgo-βlakə̑š(ke)joŋgo-βlakə̑škem,
joŋgem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:joŋgešemjoŋgo-βlakešjoŋgo-βlakešem,
joŋgem-βlakeš


Last update: 10 August 2023