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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kaβkazə̑se |
Genitive: | kaβkazə̑sə̑n |
Dative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑lan |
Accusative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑m |
Comparative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑la |
Comitative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑ge |
Inessive: | kaβkazə̑sə̑šte |
Illative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | kaβkazə̑seš |
1SG: | kaβkazə̑sem |
2SG: | kaβkazə̑set |
3SG: | kaβkazə̑sə̑ž(e) |
1PL: | kaβkazə̑sə̑na |
2PL: | kaβkazə̑sə̑da |
3PL: | kaβkazə̑sə̑št |
Plural (1): | kaβkazə̑se-βlak |
Plural (2): | kaβkazə̑se-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | kaβkazə̑sə̑la |
Sociative Plural: | kaβkazə̑sə̑mə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kaβkazə̑sem | kaβkazə̑se-βlak | kaβkazə̑se-βlakem, kaβkazə̑sem-βlak |
Genitive: | kaβkazə̑semə̑n | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑n | kaβkazə̑se-βlakemə̑n, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | kaβkazə̑semlan, kaβkazə̑sə̑lanem | kaβkazə̑se-βlaklan | kaβkazə̑se-βlakemlan, kaβkazə̑sem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kaβkazə̑semə̑m | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑m | kaβkazə̑se-βlakemə̑m, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | kaβkazə̑semla, kaβkazə̑sə̑lam | kaβkazə̑se-βlakla | kaβkazə̑se-βlakemla, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kaβkazə̑semge | kaβkazə̑se-βlakge | kaβkazə̑se-βlakemge, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kaβkazə̑sə̑štem | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑šte | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑štem, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | kaβkazə̑sə̑škem | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaβkazə̑se-βlakə̑škem, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | kaβkazə̑sešem | kaβkazə̑se-βlakeš | kaβkazə̑se-βlakešem, kaβkazə̑sem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |