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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalaj |
| Genitive: | kalajə̑n |
| Dative: | kalajlan |
| Accusative: | kalajə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalajla |
| Comitative: | kalajge |
| Inessive: | kalajə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalajə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalaješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalajem |
| 2SG: | kalajet |
| 3SG: | kalajže |
| 1PL: | kalajna |
| 2PL: | kalajda |
| 3PL: | kalajə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalaj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalaj-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kalajla |
| Sociative Plural: | kalajmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalajem | kalaj-βlak | kalaj-βlakem, kalajem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kalajemə̑n | kalaj-βlakə̑n | kalaj-βlakemə̑n, kalajem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalajemlan, kalajlanem | kalaj-βlaklan | kalaj-βlakemlan, kalajem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kalajemə̑m | kalaj-βlakə̑m | kalaj-βlakemə̑m, kalajem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalajemla, kalajlam | kalaj-βlakla | kalaj-βlakemla, kalajem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kalajemge | kalaj-βlakge | kalaj-βlakemge, kalajem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalajə̑štem | kalaj-βlakə̑šte | kalaj-βlakə̑štem, kalajem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalajə̑škem | kalaj-βlakə̑š(ke) | kalaj-βlakə̑škem, kalajem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalaješem | kalaj-βlakeš | kalaj-βlakešem, kalajem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||