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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalak |
| Genitive: | kalakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalaklan |
| Accusative: | kalakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalakla |
| Comitative: | kalakge |
| Inessive: | kalakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalakem |
| 2SG: | kalaket |
| 3SG: | kalakše |
| 1PL: | kalakna |
| 2PL: | kalakda |
| 3PL: | kalakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kalakla |
| Sociative Plural: | kalakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalakem | kalak-βlak | kalak-βlakem, kalakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kalakemə̑n | kalak-βlakə̑n | kalak-βlakemə̑n, kalakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalakemlan, kalaklanem | kalak-βlaklan | kalak-βlakemlan, kalakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kalakemə̑m | kalak-βlakə̑m | kalak-βlakemə̑m, kalakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalakemla, kalaklam | kalak-βlakla | kalak-βlakemla, kalakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kalakemge | kalak-βlakge | kalak-βlakemge, kalakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalakə̑štem | kalak-βlakə̑šte | kalak-βlakə̑štem, kalakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalakə̑škem | kalak-βlakə̑š(ke) | kalak-βlakə̑škem, kalakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalakešem | kalak-βlakeš | kalak-βlakešem, kalakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||