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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaler |
| Genitive: | kalerə̑n |
| Dative: | kalerlan |
| Accusative: | kalerə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalerla |
| Comitative: | kalerge |
| Inessive: | kalerə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalerə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalereš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalerem |
| 2SG: | kaleret |
| 3SG: | kalerže |
| 1PL: | kalerna |
| 2PL: | kalerda |
| 3PL: | kalerə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaler-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaler-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kalerla |
| Sociative Plural: | kalermə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalerem | kaler-βlak | kaler-βlakem, kalerem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaleremə̑n | kaler-βlakə̑n | kaler-βlakemə̑n, kalerem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaleremlan, kalerlanem | kaler-βlaklan | kaler-βlakemlan, kalerem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaleremə̑m | kaler-βlakə̑m | kaler-βlakemə̑m, kalerem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaleremla, kalerlam | kaler-βlakla | kaler-βlakemla, kalerem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaleremge | kaler-βlakge | kaler-βlakemge, kalerem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalerə̑štem | kaler-βlakə̑šte | kaler-βlakə̑štem, kalerem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalerə̑škem | kaler-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaler-βlakə̑škem, kalerem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalerešem | kaler-βlakeš | kaler-βlakešem, kalerem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||