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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalmə̑k |
| Genitive: | kalmə̑kə̑n |
| Dative: | kalmə̑klan |
| Accusative: | kalmə̑kə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalmə̑kla |
| Comitative: | kalmə̑kge |
| Inessive: | kalmə̑kə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalmə̑kə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalmə̑keš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalmə̑kem |
| 2SG: | kalmə̑ket |
| 3SG: | kalmə̑kše |
| 1PL: | kalmə̑kna |
| 2PL: | kalmə̑kda |
| 3PL: | kalmə̑kə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalmə̑k-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalmə̑k-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kalmə̑kla |
| Sociative Plural: | kalmə̑kmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalmə̑kem | kalmə̑k-βlak | kalmə̑k-βlakem, kalmə̑kem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kalmə̑kemə̑n | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑n | kalmə̑k-βlakemə̑n, kalmə̑kem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalmə̑kemlan, kalmə̑klanem | kalmə̑k-βlaklan | kalmə̑k-βlakemlan, kalmə̑kem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kalmə̑kemə̑m | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑m | kalmə̑k-βlakemə̑m, kalmə̑kem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalmə̑kemla, kalmə̑klam | kalmə̑k-βlakla | kalmə̑k-βlakemla, kalmə̑kem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kalmə̑kemge | kalmə̑k-βlakge | kalmə̑k-βlakemge, kalmə̑kem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalmə̑kə̑štem | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑šte | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑štem, kalmə̑kem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalmə̑kə̑škem | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑š(ke) | kalmə̑k-βlakə̑škem, kalmə̑kem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalmə̑kešem | kalmə̑k-βlakeš | kalmə̑k-βlakešem, kalmə̑kem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||