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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaloʃ |
| Genitive: | kaloʃən |
| Dative: | kaloʃlan |
| Accusative: | kaloʃəm |
| Comparative: | kaloʃla |
| Comitative: | kaloʃge |
| Inessive: | kaloʃto, kaloʃəʃto |
| Illative: | kaloʃko, kaloʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | kaloʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaloʃem |
| 2SG: | kaloʃet |
| 3SG: | kaloʃːo, kaloʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | kaloʃna |
| 2PL: | kaloʃda |
| 3PL: | kaloʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaloʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaloʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kaloʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | kaloʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaloʃem | kaloʃ-βlak | kaloʃ-βlakem, kaloʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaloʃemən | kaloʃ-βlakən | kaloʃ-βlakemən, kaloʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kaloʃemlan, kaloʃlanem | kaloʃ-βlaklan | kaloʃ-βlakemlan, kaloʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaloʃeməm | kaloʃ-βlakəm | kaloʃ-βlakeməm, kaloʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kaloʃemla, kaloʃlam | kaloʃ-βlakla | kaloʃ-βlakemla, kaloʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaloʃemge | kaloʃ-βlakge | kaloʃ-βlakemge, kaloʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaloʃtem, kaloʃəʃtem | kaloʃ-βlakəʃte | kaloʃ-βlakəʃtem, kaloʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kaloʃkem, kaloʃəʃkem | kaloʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaloʃ-βlakəʃkem, kaloʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kaloʃeʃem | kaloʃ-βlakeʃ | kaloʃ-βlakeʃem, kaloʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||