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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalpak |
| Genitive: | kalpakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalpaklan |
| Accusative: | kalpakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalpakla |
| Comitative: | kalpakge |
| Inessive: | kalpakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalpakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalpakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalpakem |
| 2SG: | kalpaket |
| 3SG: | kalpakše |
| 1PL: | kalpakna |
| 2PL: | kalpakda |
| 3PL: | kalpakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalpak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalpak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kalpakla |
| Sociative Plural: | kalpakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalpakem | kalpak-βlak | kalpak-βlakem, kalpakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kalpakemə̑n | kalpak-βlakə̑n | kalpak-βlakemə̑n, kalpakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kalpakemlan, kalpaklanem | kalpak-βlaklan | kalpak-βlakemlan, kalpakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kalpakemə̑m | kalpak-βlakə̑m | kalpak-βlakemə̑m, kalpakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kalpakemla, kalpaklam | kalpak-βlakla | kalpak-βlakemla, kalpakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kalpakemge | kalpak-βlakge | kalpak-βlakemge, kalpakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalpakə̑štem | kalpak-βlakə̑šte | kalpak-βlakə̑štem, kalpakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kalpakə̑škem | kalpak-βlakə̑š(ke) | kalpak-βlakə̑škem, kalpakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kalpakešem | kalpak-βlakeš | kalpak-βlakešem, kalpakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||