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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaltaʃym |
| Genitive: | kaltaʃymən |
| Dative: | kaltaʃymlan |
| Accusative: | kaltaʃyməm |
| Comparative: | kaltaʃymla |
| Comitative: | kaltaʃymge |
| Inessive: | kaltaʃyməʃtø |
| Illative: | kaltaʃyməʃ(kø) |
| Lative: | kaltaʃymeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaltaʃymem |
| 2SG: | kaltaʃymet |
| 3SG: | kaltaʃymʒø |
| 1PL: | kaltaʃymna |
| 2PL: | kaltaʃymda |
| 3PL: | kaltaʃyməʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaltaʃym-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaltaʃym-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kaltaʃymla |
| Sociative Plural: | kaltaʃymːət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaltaʃymem | kaltaʃym-βlak | kaltaʃym-βlakem, kaltaʃymem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaltaʃymemən | kaltaʃym-βlakən | kaltaʃym-βlakemən, kaltaʃymem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kaltaʃymemlan, kaltaʃymlanem | kaltaʃym-βlaklan | kaltaʃym-βlakemlan, kaltaʃymem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaltaʃymeməm | kaltaʃym-βlakəm | kaltaʃym-βlakeməm, kaltaʃymem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kaltaʃymemla, kaltaʃymlam | kaltaʃym-βlakla | kaltaʃym-βlakemla, kaltaʃymem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaltaʃymemge | kaltaʃym-βlakge | kaltaʃym-βlakemge, kaltaʃymem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaltaʃyməʃtem | kaltaʃym-βlakəʃte | kaltaʃym-βlakəʃtem, kaltaʃymem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kaltaʃyməʃkem | kaltaʃym-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaltaʃym-βlakəʃkem, kaltaʃymem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kaltaʃymeʃem | kaltaʃym-βlakeʃ | kaltaʃym-βlakeʃem, kaltaʃymem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||