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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalta |
| Genitive: | kaltan |
| Dative: | kaltalan |
| Accusative: | kaltam |
| Comparative: | kaltala |
| Comitative: | kaltage |
| Inessive: | kaltašte |
| Illative: | kaltaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kaltaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaltam |
| 2SG: | kaltat |
| 3SG: | kaltaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kaltana |
| 2PL: | kaltada |
| 3PL: | kaltašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalta-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalta-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kaltala |
| Sociative Plural: | kaltamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaltam | kalta-βlak | kalta-βlakem, kaltam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaltamə̑n | kalta-βlakə̑n | kalta-βlakemə̑n, kaltam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaltamlan, kaltalanem | kalta-βlaklan | kalta-βlakemlan, kaltam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaltamə̑m | kalta-βlakə̑m | kalta-βlakemə̑m, kaltam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaltamla, kaltalam | kalta-βlakla | kalta-βlakemla, kaltam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaltamge | kalta-βlakge | kalta-βlakemge, kaltam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaltaštem | kalta-βlakə̑šte | kalta-βlakə̑štem, kaltam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaltaškem | kalta-βlakə̑š(ke) | kalta-βlakə̑škem, kaltam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaltašem | kalta-βlakeš | kalta-βlakešem, kaltam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||