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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaltaŋše |
| Genitive: | kaltaŋšə̑n |
| Dative: | kaltaŋšə̑lan |
| Accusative: | kaltaŋšə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaltaŋšə̑la |
| Comitative: | kaltaŋšə̑ge |
| Inessive: | kaltaŋšə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaltaŋšə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaltaŋšeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaltaŋšem |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋšet |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋšə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋšə̑na |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋšə̑da |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋšə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaltaŋše-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaltaŋše-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kaltaŋšə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | kaltaŋšə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaltaŋšem | kaltaŋše-βlak | kaltaŋše-βlakem, kaltaŋšem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaltaŋšemə̑n | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑n | kaltaŋše-βlakemə̑n, kaltaŋšem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaltaŋšemlan, kaltaŋšə̑lanem | kaltaŋše-βlaklan | kaltaŋše-βlakemlan, kaltaŋšem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaltaŋšemə̑m | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑m | kaltaŋše-βlakemə̑m, kaltaŋšem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaltaŋšemla, kaltaŋšə̑lam | kaltaŋše-βlakla | kaltaŋše-βlakemla, kaltaŋšem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaltaŋšemge | kaltaŋše-βlakge | kaltaŋše-βlakemge, kaltaŋšem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaltaŋšə̑štem | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑šte | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑štem, kaltaŋšem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaltaŋšə̑škem | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaltaŋše-βlakə̑škem, kaltaŋšem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaltaŋšešem | kaltaŋše-βlakeš | kaltaŋše-βlakešem, kaltaŋšem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||