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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kaltaŋʃe |
Genitive: | kaltaŋʃən |
Dative: | kaltaŋʃəlan |
Accusative: | kaltaŋʃəm |
Comparative: | kaltaŋʃəla |
Comitative: | kaltaŋʃəge |
Inessive: | kaltaŋʃəʃte |
Illative: | kaltaŋʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kaltaŋʃeʃ |
1SG: | kaltaŋʃem |
2SG: | kaltaŋʃet |
3SG: | kaltaŋʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | kaltaŋʃəna |
2PL: | kaltaŋʃəda |
3PL: | kaltaŋʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | kaltaŋʃe-βlak |
Plural (2): | kaltaŋʃe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kaltaŋʃəla |
Sociative Plural: | kaltaŋʃəmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kaltaŋʃem | kaltaŋʃe-βlak | kaltaŋʃe-βlakem, kaltaŋʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | kaltaŋʃemən | kaltaŋʃe-βlakən | kaltaŋʃe-βlakemən, kaltaŋʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | kaltaŋʃemlan, kaltaŋʃəlanem | kaltaŋʃe-βlaklan | kaltaŋʃe-βlakemlan, kaltaŋʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kaltaŋʃeməm | kaltaŋʃe-βlakəm | kaltaŋʃe-βlakeməm, kaltaŋʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kaltaŋʃemla, kaltaŋʃəlam | kaltaŋʃe-βlakla | kaltaŋʃe-βlakemla, kaltaŋʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kaltaŋʃemge | kaltaŋʃe-βlakge | kaltaŋʃe-βlakemge, kaltaŋʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kaltaŋʃəʃtem | kaltaŋʃe-βlakəʃte | kaltaŋʃe-βlakəʃtem, kaltaŋʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kaltaŋʃəʃkem | kaltaŋʃe-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaltaŋʃe-βlakəʃkem, kaltaŋʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kaltaŋʃeʃem | kaltaŋʃe-βlakeʃ | kaltaŋʃe-βlakeʃem, kaltaŋʃem-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |