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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kal'aga |
| Genitive: | kal'agan |
| Dative: | kal'agalan |
| Accusative: | kal'agam |
| Comparative: | kal'agala |
| Comitative: | kal'agage |
| Inessive: | kal'agašte |
| Illative: | kal'agaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kal'agaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kal'agam |
| 2SG: | kal'agat |
| 3SG: | kal'agaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kal'agana |
| 2PL: | kal'agada |
| 3PL: | kal'agašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kal'aga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kal'aga-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kal'agala |
| Sociative Plural: | kal'agamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kal'agam | kal'aga-βlak | kal'aga-βlakem, kal'agam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kal'agamə̑n | kal'aga-βlakə̑n | kal'aga-βlakemə̑n, kal'agam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kal'agamlan, kal'agalanem | kal'aga-βlaklan | kal'aga-βlakemlan, kal'agam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kal'agamə̑m | kal'aga-βlakə̑m | kal'aga-βlakemə̑m, kal'agam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kal'agamla, kal'agalam | kal'aga-βlakla | kal'aga-βlakemla, kal'agam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kal'agamge | kal'aga-βlakge | kal'aga-βlakemge, kal'agam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kal'agaštem | kal'aga-βlakə̑šte | kal'aga-βlakə̑štem, kal'agam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kal'agaškem | kal'aga-βlakə̑š(ke) | kal'aga-βlakə̑škem, kal'agam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kal'agašem | kal'aga-βlakeš | kal'aga-βlakešem, kal'agam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||