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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | karaguʃ |
| Genitive: | karaguʃən |
| Dative: | karaguʃlan |
| Accusative: | karaguʃəm |
| Comparative: | karaguʃla |
| Comitative: | karaguʃge |
| Inessive: | karaguʃto, karaguʃəʃto |
| Illative: | karaguʃko, karaguʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | karaguʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | karaguʃem |
| 2SG: | karaguʃet |
| 3SG: | karaguʃːo, karaguʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | karaguʃna |
| 2PL: | karaguʃda |
| 3PL: | karaguʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | karaguʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | karaguʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | karaguʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | karaguʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | karaguʃem | karaguʃ-βlak | karaguʃ-βlakem, karaguʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | karaguʃemən | karaguʃ-βlakən | karaguʃ-βlakemən, karaguʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | karaguʃemlan, karaguʃlanem | karaguʃ-βlaklan | karaguʃ-βlakemlan, karaguʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | karaguʃeməm | karaguʃ-βlakəm | karaguʃ-βlakeməm, karaguʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | karaguʃemla, karaguʃlam | karaguʃ-βlakla | karaguʃ-βlakemla, karaguʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | karaguʃemge | karaguʃ-βlakge | karaguʃ-βlakemge, karaguʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | karaguʃtem, karaguʃəʃtem | karaguʃ-βlakəʃte | karaguʃ-βlakəʃtem, karaguʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | karaguʃkem, karaguʃəʃkem | karaguʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | karaguʃ-βlakəʃkem, karaguʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | karaguʃeʃem | karaguʃ-βlakeʃ | karaguʃ-βlakeʃem, karaguʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||