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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | karakul' |
| Genitive: | karakul'ə̑n |
| Dative: | karakul'lan |
| Accusative: | karakul'ə̑m |
| Comparative: | karakul'la |
| Comitative: | karakul'ge |
| Inessive: | karakul'ə̑što |
| Illative: | karakul'ə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | karakul'eš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | karakul'em |
| 2SG: | karakul'et |
| 3SG: | karakul'žo |
| 1PL: | karakul'na |
| 2PL: | karakul'da |
| 3PL: | karakul'ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | karakul'-βlak |
| Plural (2): | karakul'-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | karakul'la |
| Sociative Plural: | karakul'mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | karakul'em | karakul'-βlak | karakul'-βlakem, karakul'em-βlak |
| Genitive: | karakul'emə̑n | karakul'-βlakə̑n | karakul'-βlakemə̑n, karakul'em-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | karakul'emlan, karakul'lanem | karakul'-βlaklan | karakul'-βlakemlan, karakul'em-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | karakul'emə̑m | karakul'-βlakə̑m | karakul'-βlakemə̑m, karakul'em-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | karakul'emla, karakul'lam | karakul'-βlakla | karakul'-βlakemla, karakul'em-βlakla |
| Comitative: | karakul'emge | karakul'-βlakge | karakul'-βlakemge, karakul'em-βlakge |
| Inessive: | karakul'ə̑štem | karakul'-βlakə̑šte | karakul'-βlakə̑štem, karakul'em-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | karakul'ə̑škem | karakul'-βlakə̑š(ke) | karakul'-βlakə̑škem, karakul'em-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | karakul'ešem | karakul'-βlakeš | karakul'-βlakešem, karakul'em-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||