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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | karla |
| Genitive: | karlan |
| Dative: | karlalan |
| Accusative: | karlam |
| Comparative: | karlala |
| Comitative: | karlage |
| Inessive: | karlašte |
| Illative: | karlaš(ke) |
| Lative: | karlaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | karlam |
| 2SG: | karlat |
| 3SG: | karlaž(e) |
| 1PL: | karlana |
| 2PL: | karlada |
| 3PL: | karlašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | karla-βlak |
| Plural (2): | karla-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | karlala |
| Sociative Plural: | karlamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | karlam | karla-βlak | karla-βlakem, karlam-βlak |
| Genitive: | karlamə̑n | karla-βlakə̑n | karla-βlakemə̑n, karlam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | karlamlan, karlalanem | karla-βlaklan | karla-βlakemlan, karlam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | karlamə̑m | karla-βlakə̑m | karla-βlakemə̑m, karlam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | karlamla, karlalam | karla-βlakla | karla-βlakemla, karlam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | karlamge | karla-βlakge | karla-βlakemge, karlam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | karlaštem | karla-βlakə̑šte | karla-βlakə̑štem, karlam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | karlaškem | karla-βlakə̑š(ke) | karla-βlakə̑škem, karlam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | karlašem | karla-βlakeš | karla-βlakešem, karlam-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||