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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | karnəʃtmaʃ |
| Genitive: | karnəʃtmaʃən |
| Dative: | karnəʃtmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | karnəʃtmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | karnəʃtmaʃla |
| Comitative: | karnəʃtmaʃge |
| Inessive: | karnəʃtmaʃte, karnəʃtmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | karnəʃtmaʃke, karnəʃtmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | karnəʃtmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | karnəʃtmaʃem |
| 2SG: | karnəʃtmaʃet |
| 3SG: | karnəʃtmaʃːe, karnəʃtmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | karnəʃtmaʃna |
| 2PL: | karnəʃtmaʃda |
| 3PL: | karnəʃtmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | karnəʃtmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | karnəʃtmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | karnəʃtmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | karnəʃtmaʃem | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlak | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakem, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | karnəʃtmaʃemən | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakən | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakemən, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | karnəʃtmaʃemlan, karnəʃtmaʃlanem | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlaklan | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakemlan, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | karnəʃtmaʃeməm | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakəm | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakeməm, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | karnəʃtmaʃemla, karnəʃtmaʃlam | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakla | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakemla, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | karnəʃtmaʃemge | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakge | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakemge, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | karnəʃtmaʃtem, karnəʃtmaʃəʃtem | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃte | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | karnəʃtmaʃkem, karnəʃtmaʃəʃkem | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | karnəʃtmaʃeʃem | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃ | karnəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃem, karnəʃtmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||