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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaska |
| Genitive: | kaskan |
| Dative: | kaskalan |
| Accusative: | kaskam |
| Comparative: | kaskala |
| Comitative: | kaskage |
| Inessive: | kaskašte |
| Illative: | kaskaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kaskaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaskam |
| 2SG: | kaskat |
| 3SG: | kaskaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kaskana |
| 2PL: | kaskada |
| 3PL: | kaskašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaska-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaska-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kaskala |
| Sociative Plural: | kaskamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaskam | kaska-βlak | kaska-βlakem, kaskam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaskamə̑n | kaska-βlakə̑n | kaska-βlakemə̑n, kaskam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaskamlan, kaskalanem | kaska-βlaklan | kaska-βlakemlan, kaskam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaskamə̑m | kaska-βlakə̑m | kaska-βlakemə̑m, kaskam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaskamla, kaskalam | kaska-βlakla | kaska-βlakemla, kaskam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaskamge | kaska-βlakge | kaska-βlakemge, kaskam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaskaštem | kaska-βlakə̑šte | kaska-βlakə̑štem, kaskam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaskaškem | kaska-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaska-βlakə̑škem, kaskam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaskašem | kaska-βlakeš | kaska-βlakešem, kaskam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||