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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaʃkaβoŋgo |
| Genitive: | kaʃkaβoŋgən |
| Dative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəlan |
| Accusative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəm |
| Comparative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəla |
| Comitative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəge |
| Inessive: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʃto |
| Illative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | kaʃkaβoŋgeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaʃkaβoŋgem |
| 2SG: | kaʃkaβoŋget |
| 3SG: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | kaʃkaβoŋgəna |
| 2PL: | kaʃkaβoŋgəda |
| 3PL: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaʃkaβoŋgo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kaʃkaβoŋgəla |
| Sociative Plural: | kaʃkaβoŋgəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaʃkaβoŋgem | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlak | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakem, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaʃkaβoŋgemən | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakən | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakemən, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kaʃkaβoŋgemlan, kaʃkaβoŋgəlanem | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlaklan | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakemlan, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaʃkaβoŋgeməm | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakəm | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakeməm, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kaʃkaβoŋgemla, kaʃkaβoŋgəlam | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakla | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakemla, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaʃkaβoŋgemge | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakge | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakemge, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʃtem | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakəʃte | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakəʃtem, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kaʃkaβoŋgəʃkem | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakəʃkem, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kaʃkaβoŋgeʃem | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakeʃ | kaʃkaβoŋgo-βlakeʃem, kaʃkaβoŋgem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||