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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kašoŋa |
| Genitive: | kašoŋan |
| Dative: | kašoŋalan |
| Accusative: | kašoŋam |
| Comparative: | kašoŋala |
| Comitative: | kašoŋage |
| Inessive: | kašoŋašte |
| Illative: | kašoŋaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kašoŋaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kašoŋam |
| 2SG: | kašoŋat |
| 3SG: | kašoŋaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kašoŋana |
| 2PL: | kašoŋada |
| 3PL: | kašoŋašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kašoŋa-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kašoŋa-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kašoŋala |
| Sociative Plural: | kašoŋamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kašoŋam | kašoŋa-βlak | kašoŋa-βlakem, kašoŋam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kašoŋamə̑n | kašoŋa-βlakə̑n | kašoŋa-βlakemə̑n, kašoŋam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kašoŋamlan, kašoŋalanem | kašoŋa-βlaklan | kašoŋa-βlakemlan, kašoŋam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kašoŋamə̑m | kašoŋa-βlakə̑m | kašoŋa-βlakemə̑m, kašoŋam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kašoŋamla, kašoŋalam | kašoŋa-βlakla | kašoŋa-βlakemla, kašoŋam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kašoŋamge | kašoŋa-βlakge | kašoŋa-βlakemge, kašoŋam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kašoŋaštem | kašoŋa-βlakə̑šte | kašoŋa-βlakə̑štem, kašoŋam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kašoŋaškem | kašoŋa-βlakə̑š(ke) | kašoŋa-βlakə̑škem, kašoŋam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kašoŋašem | kašoŋa-βlakeš | kašoŋa-βlakešem, kašoŋam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||