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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaʃta |
| Genitive: | kaʃtan |
| Dative: | kaʃtalan |
| Accusative: | kaʃtam |
| Comparative: | kaʃtala |
| Comitative: | kaʃtage |
| Inessive: | kaʃtaʃte |
| Illative: | kaʃtaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kaʃtaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaʃtam |
| 2SG: | kaʃtat |
| 3SG: | kaʃtaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | kaʃtana |
| 2PL: | kaʃtada |
| 3PL: | kaʃtaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaʃta-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaʃta-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kaʃtala |
| Sociative Plural: | kaʃtamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaʃtam | kaʃta-βlak | kaʃta-βlakem, kaʃtam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaʃtamən | kaʃta-βlakən | kaʃta-βlakemən, kaʃtam-βlakən |
| Dative: | kaʃtamlan, kaʃtalanem | kaʃta-βlaklan | kaʃta-βlakemlan, kaʃtam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaʃtaməm | kaʃta-βlakəm | kaʃta-βlakeməm, kaʃtam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kaʃtamla, kaʃtalam | kaʃta-βlakla | kaʃta-βlakemla, kaʃtam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaʃtamge | kaʃta-βlakge | kaʃta-βlakemge, kaʃtam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaʃtaʃtem | kaʃta-βlakəʃte | kaʃta-βlakəʃtem, kaʃtam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kaʃtaʃkem | kaʃta-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaʃta-βlakəʃkem, kaʃtam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kaʃtaʃem | kaʃta-βlakeʃ | kaʃta-βlakeʃem, kaʃtam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||