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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaŋga |
| Genitive: | kaŋgan |
| Dative: | kaŋgalan |
| Accusative: | kaŋgam |
| Comparative: | kaŋgala |
| Comitative: | kaŋgage |
| Inessive: | kaŋgašte |
| Illative: | kaŋgaš(ke) |
| Lative: | kaŋgaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaŋgam |
| 2SG: | kaŋgat |
| 3SG: | kaŋgaž(e) |
| 1PL: | kaŋgana |
| 2PL: | kaŋgada |
| 3PL: | kaŋgašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaŋga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaŋga-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kaŋgala |
| Sociative Plural: | kaŋgamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaŋgam | kaŋga-βlak | kaŋga-βlakem, kaŋgam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaŋgamə̑n | kaŋga-βlakə̑n | kaŋga-βlakemə̑n, kaŋgam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaŋgamlan, kaŋgalanem | kaŋga-βlaklan | kaŋga-βlakemlan, kaŋgam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaŋgamə̑m | kaŋga-βlakə̑m | kaŋga-βlakemə̑m, kaŋgam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaŋgamla, kaŋgalam | kaŋga-βlakla | kaŋga-βlakemla, kaŋgam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaŋgamge | kaŋga-βlakge | kaŋga-βlakemge, kaŋgam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaŋgaštem | kaŋga-βlakə̑šte | kaŋga-βlakə̑štem, kaŋgam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaŋgaškem | kaŋga-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaŋga-βlakə̑škem, kaŋgam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaŋgašem | kaŋga-βlakeš | kaŋga-βlakešem, kaŋgam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||