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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kaŋgə̑la |
| Genitive: | kaŋgə̑lan |
| Dative: | kaŋgə̑lalan |
| Accusative: | kaŋgə̑lam |
| Comparative: | kaŋgə̑lala |
| Comitative: | kaŋgə̑lage |
| Inessive: | kaŋgə̑lašte |
| Illative: | kaŋgə̑laš(ke) |
| Lative: | kaŋgə̑laš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kaŋgə̑lam |
| 2SG: | kaŋgə̑lat |
| 3SG: | kaŋgə̑laž(e) |
| 1PL: | kaŋgə̑lana |
| 2PL: | kaŋgə̑lada |
| 3PL: | kaŋgə̑lašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kaŋgə̑la-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kaŋgə̑la-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kaŋgə̑lala |
| Sociative Plural: | kaŋgə̑lamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kaŋgə̑lam | kaŋgə̑la-βlak | kaŋgə̑la-βlakem, kaŋgə̑lam-βlak |
| Genitive: | kaŋgə̑lamə̑n | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑n | kaŋgə̑la-βlakemə̑n, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kaŋgə̑lamlan, kaŋgə̑lalanem | kaŋgə̑la-βlaklan | kaŋgə̑la-βlakemlan, kaŋgə̑lam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kaŋgə̑lamə̑m | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑m | kaŋgə̑la-βlakemə̑m, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kaŋgə̑lamla, kaŋgə̑lalam | kaŋgə̑la-βlakla | kaŋgə̑la-βlakemla, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kaŋgə̑lamge | kaŋgə̑la-βlakge | kaŋgə̑la-βlakemge, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kaŋgə̑laštem | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑šte | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑štem, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kaŋgə̑laškem | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑š(ke) | kaŋgə̑la-βlakə̑škem, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kaŋgə̑lašem | kaŋgə̑la-βlakeš | kaŋgə̑la-βlakešem, kaŋgə̑lam-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||