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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kalko |
| Genitive: | kalkon |
| Dative: | kalkolan |
| Accusative: | kalkom |
| Comparative: | kalkola |
| Comitative: | kalkoge |
| Inessive: | kalkoʃto |
| Illative: | kalkoʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | kalkoeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kalkoem |
| 2SG: | kalkoet |
| 3SG: | kalkoʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | kalkona |
| 2PL: | kalkoda |
| 3PL: | kalkoʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kalko-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kalko-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kalkola |
| Sociative Plural: | kalkomət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kalkoem | kalko-βlak | kalko-βlakem, kalkoem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kalkoemən | kalko-βlakən | kalko-βlakemən, kalkoem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kalkoemlan, kalkolanem | kalko-βlaklan | kalko-βlakemlan, kalkoem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kalkoeməm | kalko-βlakəm | kalko-βlakeməm, kalkoem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kalkoemla, kalkolam | kalko-βlakla | kalko-βlakemla, kalkoem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kalkoemge | kalko-βlakge | kalko-βlakemge, kalkoem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kalkoʃtem | kalko-βlakəʃte | kalko-βlakəʃtem, kalkoem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kalkoʃkem | kalko-βlakəʃ(ke) | kalko-βlakəʃkem, kalkoem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kalkoeʃem | kalko-βlakeʃ | kalko-βlakeʃem, kalkoem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||