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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | karʃtəʃ |
| Genitive: | karʃtəʃən |
| Dative: | karʃtəʃlan |
| Accusative: | karʃtəʃəm |
| Comparative: | karʃtəʃla |
| Comitative: | karʃtəʃge |
| Inessive: | karʃtəʃte, karʃtəʃəʃte |
| Illative: | karʃtəʃke, karʃtəʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | karʃtəʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | karʃtəʃem |
| 2SG: | karʃtəʃet |
| 3SG: | karʃtəʃːe, karʃtəʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | karʃtəʃna |
| 2PL: | karʃtəʃda |
| 3PL: | karʃtəʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | karʃtəʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | karʃtəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | karʃtəʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | karʃtəʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | karʃtəʃem | karʃtəʃ-βlak | karʃtəʃ-βlakem, karʃtəʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | karʃtəʃemən | karʃtəʃ-βlakən | karʃtəʃ-βlakemən, karʃtəʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | karʃtəʃemlan, karʃtəʃlanem | karʃtəʃ-βlaklan | karʃtəʃ-βlakemlan, karʃtəʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | karʃtəʃeməm | karʃtəʃ-βlakəm | karʃtəʃ-βlakeməm, karʃtəʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | karʃtəʃemla, karʃtəʃlam | karʃtəʃ-βlakla | karʃtəʃ-βlakemla, karʃtəʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | karʃtəʃemge | karʃtəʃ-βlakge | karʃtəʃ-βlakemge, karʃtəʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | karʃtəʃtem, karʃtəʃəʃtem | karʃtəʃ-βlakəʃte | karʃtəʃ-βlakəʃtem, karʃtəʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | karʃtəʃkem, karʃtəʃəʃkem | karʃtəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | karʃtəʃ-βlakəʃkem, karʃtəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | karʃtəʃeʃem | karʃtəʃ-βlakeʃ | karʃtəʃ-βlakeʃem, karʃtəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||