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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kiskal'e |
| Genitive: | kiskal'ə̑n |
| Dative: | kiskal'ə̑lan |
| Accusative: | kiskal'ə̑m |
| Comparative: | kiskal'ə̑la |
| Comitative: | kiskal'ə̑ge |
| Inessive: | kiskal'ə̑šte |
| Illative: | kiskal'ə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kiskal'eš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kiskal'em |
| 2SG: | kiskal'et |
| 3SG: | kiskal'ə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | kiskal'ə̑na |
| 2PL: | kiskal'ə̑da |
| 3PL: | kiskal'ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kiskal'e-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kiskal'e-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | kiskal'ə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | kiskal'ə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kiskal'em | kiskal'e-βlak | kiskal'e-βlakem, kiskal'em-βlak |
| Genitive: | kiskal'emə̑n | kiskal'e-βlakə̑n | kiskal'e-βlakemə̑n, kiskal'em-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | kiskal'emlan, kiskal'ə̑lanem | kiskal'e-βlaklan | kiskal'e-βlakemlan, kiskal'em-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kiskal'emə̑m | kiskal'e-βlakə̑m | kiskal'e-βlakemə̑m, kiskal'em-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | kiskal'emla, kiskal'ə̑lam | kiskal'e-βlakla | kiskal'e-βlakemla, kiskal'em-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kiskal'emge | kiskal'e-βlakge | kiskal'e-βlakemge, kiskal'em-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kiskal'ə̑štem | kiskal'e-βlakə̑šte | kiskal'e-βlakə̑štem, kiskal'em-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | kiskal'ə̑škem | kiskal'e-βlakə̑š(ke) | kiskal'e-βlakə̑škem, kiskal'em-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | kiskal'ešem | kiskal'e-βlakeš | kiskal'e-βlakešem, kiskal'em-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||